Renaissance Philosophy and Styles of Art Research Paper

Renaissance Philosophy and Styles of Art - Research Paper Example This word was borrowed from social literature and was the dominant attribute of the art of that time. Sometimes this maniera represented a unique style of artists and on other times it was used as the representation of the national style. However this word represented ‘style’ in modern conception.. in the preceding period of the High Renaissance, there was perfection and harmony in the style of art. However, with the advent of Maniera, the formal invention was more notable as compared to the content of the work. The paintings lacked clear images and there was no focal point of concentration. Raphael's tapestry cartoon was one of the most famous works of that era. This cartoon also lacked the clarity which represented moving away from static balance to more of a pictorial animation. Other famous works by Raphael were ‘The vision of Ezekiel’ and ‘the Woman with the Unicorn’. Mannerism represents itself with highly stylized poses but with a certain ambiguity and lack of clarity of perspective. The topic and subject of mannerism are still under debate. Some researchers see mannerism as an extension of the Renaissance classism. School of mannerism was criticized for breaking the rules of the Renaissance period that preceded it. The perfection of the content and the harmony was broken into random pieces of art with less clarity of perspectives. ... There was no defined boundary of the picture; the frame of the picture was given a blurred look with no limitation of space. Earlier movements were very logical and defined. The mannerist artists used to manipulate the available space and gave a concept of the long gallery. Similarly, there was manipulation of light, coming from diverse sources in the picture in a multidimensional way. The period of mannerism prevailed from 1520 to 1580 (Arts, 1998). Mannerism represented the situation of turmoil that was present in Rome. But it was followed by the Baroque period which had a great influence on drama and extravagance. Having presented much art with a lack of perspective and lack of order, there was a need to move on to the next period of art incorporating changes in the essence of art. That period was full of religious and political conflicts. There was a spread of protests so art period needed change to calm lure people back to their religion and art. Realism emerged in the 19th cent ury in the response of the school of thought ‘Romanticism’.

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act's Essay

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act's - Essay Example Plaintiffs also allege that they incurred substantial personal losses due to their respective purchases of Daou stock at fraudulently inflated prices (2005). The district court held that the plaintiffs had failed to state sufficiently particularize claims under the 1933 Securities Act and the 1934 Exchange Act (2005). Hence, Plaintiffs now appeal the district courts dismissal of their Third Amended Complaint (â€Å"TAC†) with prejudice (2005). Plaintiffs contend that Daou fraudulently inflated the price of its stock by reporting revenues before they were earned, in violation of GAAP (2005). They claim that the said company employed an accounting method known as the percentage-of-completion (â€Å"POC†) method, which is used primarily to account for progress on long-term projects (2005). Under this method, revenue from these projects could only be recognized based on the percentage of labor costs incurred to date compared to the total estimated labor costs for the project (2005). Plaintiffs allege, however, that defendants would prematurely recognize revenue in contravention of the POC method (2005). Hence, because of such artificial inflation of the price of Daou stock, Plaintiffs allege that Daou was able to acquire eleven companies, and Daou executives and their respective family members were able to sell nearly 2.5 million shares for a total of $54.67 million in improper proceeds (2005). Plaintiffs also allege th at to their detriment they purchased their Daou shares during the class period at artificially inflated prices and that, had they been aware of Daous true financial results and condition, they would not have purchased their shares, or at least not at the prices paid (2005).